1) ol (kol + ál)
It was very surprising to find out there is a way to create an even shorter name for this element than the existing bór (B): "ol". This is how I arrived at this construction:
On the periodic sytem, immediately right of boron you'll find carbon. The -on suffix in the English names of the chemical elements occur, apart from the noble gases neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon, only in the names of the following three elements: boron, silicon and carbon. The reason for this is the fact that these three share some physical and chemical properties. Now, because boron is also positioned right above aluminium (ál), it is possible construct a hybrid-word out of the names of boron's neighbours: ol (ál + kol). This short, two-character word terminologically positions boron left of carbon and right above aluminium and because ol is a combination of the name of a metal (ál) and a non-metal (kol, kolefni), it simultaneously expresses the metalloid character of boron.)
2) álmungur
(ál + málmungur, the metalloid of the aluminium-group). The word álmur is already in use for the elm-tree and for that reason it can't be used as a suffix to denote aluminium group metals, but álmungur is a different word that doesn't produce this connotation)
3) þolmálmungur: the hard, refractory metalloid. Boron is the hardest metalloid.
2) Aluminium
1) ál
2) leirstál (the steel from clay)
3) eyrstæði (In 1825, Hans Christian Ørsted made a significant contribution to chemistry by producing aluminium for the first time. While an aluminium-iron alloy had previously been developed by British scientist and inventor Humphry Davy, Ørsted was the first to isolate the element via a reduction of aluminium chloride. The surname Ørsted icelandicizes as Eyrstaðir, so the neuter form for the element aluminium is eyrstæði.
3) Gallium
1) þeyál (thawing aluminium), þeymálmur (The thawing metal, melts at 30°C)
2) ísál (ice-aluminium): Gallium is the only substance apart from ice, germanium and bismuth that expands on solidification. It's melting point is low (29.77) so it melts in the hand, like ice.
3) Indium
1) trin (tri- + tin): I choose to keep this name partly Icelandic by making a contraction of the international prefix "tri-" and "tin", because the "thorn (þ)" as first consonant, which would result into þrin (þrí + tin) phoneticly diverges, in my opinion, a little too much from "tin" to be succesful as a "pun" on the word "tin". It is crucial to retain the initial "t" and the final "n" because the insertion of the "r" in "tri" makes the word already sound very differently. "Trin" could have been the international term for indium: the predominantly trivalent "tin" of group 3a.
3) blendistin: Indium was discovered (1863) by Ferdinand Reich and Theodor Richter while they were examining samples of sphalerite (German zinkblende or simply blende, Icelandic blendi. Nowadays most indium is still a byproduct of zinc produced from that same mineral sphalerite or "blende". Because the metal is situated right from tin, we can use the latter's name as a positioning marker and call indium: "sphaleritic tin" or in Icelandic blendistin.
4) skrækál: Indium produces high-pitched sound when a bar of the pure metal is bent. It is called the "tin-cry". Indium is the element two places left from silver that exhibits this property.
4) Thallium
1) útál (outer aluminium, the element of the aluminium group situated near the outer shore of the periodic sytems' "continent of nuclear stability")
2) völskublý (because its compounds were used as a rat poison)
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