Tungsten (Wolfram)

A new possibility is "Fenrisglit" (Fenrir (wolf in Old Norse Mythology) + glit (metallic lustre)
The other ones are "þungsteinn", "vargfróðumálmur", ylfi (i-shift of "úlfur") and baskamálmur, because it was discovered by two brothers of the Basque Royal Society.

Ginnungagufa og hjáfrumloft

A poetic name for hydrogen would be "ginnungagufa". The old mythical prefix "ginnunga-" occurs in "ginnungap", which stands for "the great void, the emptiness before heaven and earth was created. Only two other words occur in Old Icelandic writs that have this prefix:
1) Ginnunga-himinn (the "void" of the "ginnungagap", himinn = heaven) anhe great vault of heaven, 2) Ginnunga-vé ("vé" in the meaning of "holy place", the universe)
This examples show that "ginnungagufa" (gufa = steam, but also "gaseous substance" in general) could serve as a poetic name for the element, much mor elegant than "frumloft" ("frum-" (original) + "loft" (air, gaseous substance)
In de case of helium, the shortest compound would be "hjáfrumloft" (hjá- (additional, co-) and "frumloft" original gas,  a syllable less long than "frumeðalloft" (original noble gas). Hydrogen and helium are the primordial gases of the universe. Another possibility is "ifreðli", from "ifröðull", an eddaic name for the sun, in which "röðull" is i-shifted to "-reðli". A shorter possibility is just "reðli", from "röðull", which is also an poetic name for the sun in the Snorra Edda. "Röðull" is most probably related to the german "rad", because the sun was thought to be a disk.

Barium: Boloníumálmur

Apart from "þungjörðungur", derived from "þungjörð" ("heavy earth" or "baria", BaO), we can name the metal after the old name of barite (BaSO4): "bologna stone". Many element are named after countries or place-names, so we could call Barium "bologne-metal", Boloníumálmur ("Boloníia" is the form of the city's name use in Old Icelandic texts)

An update

Update:

Ruthenium: Hrærekssilfur (Ruthenium was called after an old name for Russia. Why not naming the element after the founder of the Russian nation, Rurik (Icelandic: "Hrærekur"). Many element were named after individuals.

Uranium: ýmisefni, aurgelmisblý (One could name uranium after the equivalent of Uranus in Nordic mythology: Ýmir (or "Aurgelmir"). The construction Aurgelmisblý sound-similar to uranium in the first syllable. Because the element was named after the planet Uranus and not after the god, after whom the planet was named, it would be appropriate to use Aurgelmir for the gas-giant too.

Tantalum: Tálvonarglit (Tálvonarlegur (tantalizing) + glit (metallic lustre)

Lathanides: "Lotuþribblingar" or "lotujarðmálmur": þribbil (element in group 3B: þrí- + B +-ill)

Hafium: Hafnarþungsteinn (hafnar- refering to Copenhagen, þunsteinn (wolfram)

Wolfram: Vargfróðumálmur (an alternative, after "wolfram" (the froth of a wolf, because tungsten-containing scheelite devoured tin in the smelter)

Titanium: Forguðamálmur (forguð= preguðir (pre-gods, the Titans were the Elder gods or "pre-gods" in Greek Mythology)

Krypton: stikuloft (Once krypton was used to exactly establish the length of a metre)

Nobelium: Elfráðsblý (the shortest construction (Elfráður (Alfred (Alfred Nobel) + blý (lead))

Europium: Eftnumálmur (Eftna = Europe (i-shit of "aftan" (evening), the "Evening" land, German "Abendland", Icel. kvöldlönd, Kvöldálfa, Kvoldmeginland, but the shortest construction is "Eftna", which is as short as the second name for Europa in the Snorra Edda (Enea). It's best to keep the name feminine like Evrópa. Other derivation from "aftan": Eftningur (European), Afneskur (European), Aftnesku bandalagið (European Union), or "Eftningabandalagið".

Sulphur: Múspellshallur (synonym, "Múspell" was the "Mordor" in Nordic Mythology.

monosyllabic term for cadmium possible in Icelandic: tink

Cadmium is the homolog of zinc (Icelandic: sink) two places to the left of "tin": sink + tin = TINK

thallium - þál

The shortest possible word for thallium is þál (the initial of thallium with "-ál" added, in reference of the fact that thallium is a member of the Aluminium group of metals.

Update on thorium

Apart from Þórefni, there's another possibility for this element, which was named after the Scandinavian god of thunder by Berzelius who discovered thorium in a mineral from the Norwegian Island løvøy (leaf-Island, islandic Laufey)


No postplumbic element exect for thorium can be linked up with Scandinavia.  For that reason I want to call it "norðblý" (the norwegian lead).


So we have two possibilities now: þórefni and norðblý